1. What is a frontend ?
The front end (also sometimes written front-end or front end) is usually the part of the website or web application that the user sees in the web browser and interacts with. It is a presentation layer, the purpose of which is to transmit information (data) to the user and possibly take data from him and pass it on to the backend part of the application (server). Since the front-end part of the application is what the user sees and interacts with, all web design is focused on it. A developer who focuses on the front-end part of the application is called a front-end developer.
2. What is a backend ?
The backend (also sometimes written back-end or back end) is usually the part of the website or web application that runs on the server and that communicates with the database. The backend part of the application receives data from the user through the frontend part of the application, the backend part processes this data (e.g. requests information from the database, performs a calculation, etc.) and sends the output again to the frontend part of the application with which the user interacts. A developer who focuses on the backend part of the application is called a backend developer.
3. Who is a full stack developer ?
A full stack developer is a web developer who builds both the frontend part of the application and the backend part. Usually, this activity is not provided by one person, but by a team of specialists, where part of the team deals with the front end (web design, graphics, page coding, UI design, UX design) and another part of the team specializes at content management system and managing the database.
4. What is UX design and UI design ?
UX design (User Experience design) deals with designing various solutions in order to best serve the user. It describes how an effective interaction between the user and the website should take place. The key is that the given thing fulfills its purpose and function as best as possible. The goal of a UX designer is to create a solution so that the user navigates the website intuitively. In contrast, UI design (User Interface design) deals with the visual form. The key here is how the product, the environment or a specific element that the customer comes into contact with looks like, not how they function. From this definition, it is clear that if you want to have satisfied customers, UI cannot be completely separated from UX.
5. What is responsive design ?
Responsive design is a design where the content of the website automatically adapts to the device on which it is displayed (mobile phone, tablet, desktop computer, etc.). From the point of view of responsive design, website content should behave like a liquid, i.e. take the shape according to the bottle. The reason for responsive web design is the fact that today we have a lot of devices with different resolutions (from small mobile phones to 4K desktop displays) and it would not make sense to optimize web content for just one or two resolutions.
6. What is a mobile first approach ?
The mobile first approach is an approach to web development that aims to the optimisation for the small devices first (mobile phones), then through tablets of various sizes to devices with a large resolution (desktops).
7. What is skeuomorphism ?
Skeumorphism imitates the functional elements of the original. Do you remember a websites of the late 90s? Back then, websites (and not only websites, e.g. desktop icons, mobile phone icons) were full of skeuomorphism, when virtual objects tried to faithfully imitate those from the real world (e.g. detailed buttons, sliders, etc.). In web design, skeuomorphism transfers details from the real world, which, however, are unnecessary for the needs of web design. Today, skeuomorphism is considered obsolete in web design. The opposite of skeuomorphism is flat design.
8. What is Flat design ?
Flat design is a minimalist style of computer graphics applied mainly in the field of user interface of applications and web design. It is characterized by an emphasis on simplicity, monochrome surfaces, the absence of frames and other divisions of the surface, and an emphasis on typography. The flat style in computer graphics began to gain traction in the second decade of the 21st century, especially as an antithesis to skeuomorphism, a realistic look that imitates objects and elements from the real world. The lack of intuitiveness is usually mentioned as a disadvantage of the flat design, when the control elements no longer clearly indicate the way of use (buttons, switches, etc.) by their appearance, while a more graphic design would be more advantageous especially for inexperienced users. Flat design is a base for Metro design, which was used to create Windows application interfaces, or Material Design, which Google implements in its web applications.
9. What is Material design ?
Material Design is a design language developed by Google in 2014. It is a graphics and design standard that Google implemented across a range of its web and mobile products to provide a consistent experience across all platforms and applications. Material Design emphasizes simplicity and clarity. In contrast to Flat Design, it works with light and shadows (e.g. used buttons, dropdown lists, navigation, etc. have a plastic effect due to shading).